Structural Stability and Deformation of Solvated Sm@C2(45)-C90 under High Pressure

Solvated fullerenes recently have been shown to exhibit novel compression behaviors compared with the pristine fullerenes. However, less attention has been focused on the large cage endohedral metallofullerenes. Here, we have firstly synthesized solvated Sm@C90 microrods by a solution drop-drying method, and then studied the transformations under high pressure. The pressure-induced structural evolutions of Sm@C90 molecules both undergo deformation and collapse. The band gaps of both samples decrease with increasing pressure. The trapped Sm atom plays a role in restraining the compression of the adjacent bonds. The solvent plays a role in protecting Sm@C90 against collapse in the region of 12-20 GPa, decreasing and postponing the change of band gap. Above 30 GPa, the carbon cages collapse. Released from 45 GPa, the compressed solvated Sm@C90 forms a new ordered amorphous carbon cluster (OACC) structure with metal atoms trapped in the units of amorphous carbon clusters, which is different from the OACC structure formed by compressing solvated C60 and C70. This discovery opens the door for the creation of new carbon materials with desirable structural and physical properties when suitable starting materials are selected.